Lichens & mosses
A lichen is not one organism but two, a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium living together so closely that they are named as one species, with the fungus providing the structure and the alga the food. Mosses are plants, small and ancient, and share the same rocks.
Lichens grow so slowly, a millimetre or two a year for many, that they are used as a clock. Measure the largest lichen on a gravestone or a moraine and you have a fair estimate of how long the surface has been exposed, which is how the retreat of glaciers has been dated where no one was there to watch.
- British Soldier Lichen Cladonia cristatella
Birds, insects, plants and other wildlife, mostly from Brooklyn, with some from further afield.
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